One of the best ways to help prevent and
treat heart disease is to eat a low-fat diet and to replace
foods rich in saturated and trans-fat with those that are rich
in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (particularly omega-3
fatty acids). In addition to reducing risk factors for heart
disease, namely high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol,
evidence suggests that people who eat an ALA-rich diet are less
likely to suffer a fatal heart attack.
High Cholesterol
People who follow a Mediterranean-style
diet tend to have higher HDL ("good") cholesterol
levels. This diet consists of a healthy balance between omega-3
and omega-6 fatty acids. It emphasizes whole grains, root
and green vegetables, daily intake of fruit, fish and poultry,
olive and canola oils, and ALA, along with discouragement
of ingestion of red meat and total avoidance of butter and
cream. In addition, ALA have been shown to lower cholesterol
and triglycerides in people with high cholesterol.
High Blood Pressure
Several studies suggest that diets and/or
supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids (including ALA) lower
blood pressure significantly in people with hypertension.
Fish high in mercury (such as tuna) should be avoided, however,
because they may increase blood pressure.
Acne
Although there are few studies to support the use of omega-3
fatty acids for skin problems, many clinicians believe that
flaxseed is helpful for treating acne.
Arthritis
Several studies suggest that ALA supplements reduce tenderness
in joints, decrease morning stiffness, and improve mobility.
Many people who take these supplements report that they do
not need as much medicine to relieve their painful symptoms.
Asthma
Preliminary research suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplements
(particularly perilla seed oil which is rich in ALA) may decrease
inflammation and improve lung function in adults with asthma.
Eating
Disorders
Studies suggest that men and women with anorexia nervosa have
lower than optimal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (including
ALA and GLA). To prevent the complications associated with
essential fatty acid deficiencies, some experts recommend
that treatment programs for anorexia nervosa include PUFA-rich
foods or supplements.
Inflammatory
Bowel Disease (IBD)
Some people with Crohn's disease (CD), one form of IBD, have
low levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their bodies. Evidence
suggests that fish oil supplements containing omega-3 fatty
acids may reduce symptoms of CD and ulcerative colitis (another
inflammatory bowel disease), particularly if used in addition
to medication. Preliminary animal studies have found that
ALA may actually be more effective than EPA and DHA found
in fish oil supplements.
